Distant Future of the Human Species

In the very long term, there are only two possible outcomes for the Human species: we either go extinct, or we start to colonize other planets – and change our biology doing so.

In less than a billion years, Earth will become inhabitable due to evolution in solar activity alone.

Therefore, the best chance of survival for our species beyond what our Sun would allow our native planet, is to develop a capability to go and live on other planets.

Landing on the Moon, such as terraforming Mars, are two pioneer project that represent the very first steps in this direction.

But space colonization will likely require our biology to adapt to both interstellar radiation and other planets conditions, and this could result in very deep changes to our genome, to the point that we may end up growing as a collection of many different species altogether, as groups of people move further away from each other trough the universe.

P.S. The above does not imply that we should neglect our Earth or the environment that supports life on it. Quite the opposite: we should take good care of our home planet, for there is no other like it and we will have to inhabit it for a very long time still.